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DSE Biology: Genetics and Evolution — Practice Questions & Answers
How genetic information is stored in DNA, copied and used to make proteins, passed to offspring, varied by mutation, manipulated in biotechnology, and changed over time by natural selection.
420 practice questions available for this topic — here are 10 with full answers and explanations.
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Practice questions with answers
1
Multiple choice · Easy
Identical twins always have the same
genotype
fingerprints exactly
body mass exactly
environment
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Why Identical twins share the same genotype.
2
Multiple choice · Medium
Which features would identical twins always share? (1) genotype (2) traits showing continuous variation (3) traits showing discontinuous variation
(1) and (3) only
(1) and (2) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)
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Why Twins share their genotype and gene-determined (discontinuous) traits, but continuous traits are also affected by the environment.
3
Multiple choice · Hard
Traits showing continuous variation may differ between identical twins because such traits are also affected by the
environment
blood group
genotype
number of chromosomes
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Why Continuous traits are influenced by the environment as well as genes.
4
Fill in the blank · Medium
Differences among individuals of the same species are collectively called
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Answer:
variation
Why Variation is differences among individuals.
5
Fill in the blank · Medium
Variation determined mainly by genes and giving distinct categories is called
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Answer:
discontinuous
Why Discontinuous variation gives clear categories.
6
Fill in the blank · Medium
Body height shows
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Answer:
continuous
Why Height is a continuous, polygenic trait.
7
Multiple choice · Easy
Which statement about transcription is correct?
Free RNA nucleotides pair with the DNA template strand to produce mRNA.
tRNA pairs with the ribosome to produce amino acids.
mRNA pairs with the ribosome to produce proteins.
Free DNA nucleotides pair with the DNA template to produce DNA.
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Why Free RNA nucleotides pair with the DNA template strand to form mRNA.
8
Multiple choice · Medium
During transcription, the RNA base that pairs with adenine on the DNA template strand is
uracil
thymine
cytosine
guanine
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Why Uracil pairs with adenine during transcription.
9
Multiple choice · Hard
For the coding strand sequence AGT, the tRNA anticodon for the corresponding mRNA codon is
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Why Coding strand AGT gives mRNA AGU, whose tRNA anticodon is UCA.
10
Fill in the blank · Medium
The making of mRNA using a DNA strand as a template is called
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Answer:
transcription
Why Transcription makes mRNA.
Key terms in Genetics and Evolution
Gene: A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein and controls an inherited characteristic.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule carrying genetic information as a sequence of bases.
Chromosome: A thread-like structure of coiled DNA carrying many genes, found in the nucleus.
Allele: One of the alternative forms of a gene found at the same position on a chromosome.
Dominant: An allele that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present.
Recessive: An allele that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies are present.
Genotype: The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles it carries.
Phenotype: The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism.
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